https://hereliesdarbyvassall.art HERE LIES DARBY VASSALL Tue, 04 Oct 2022 01:46:17 +0000 https://hereliesdarbyvassall.art en https://hereliesdarbyvassall.art/Home Thu, 29 Sep 2022 14:38:56 +0000 HERE LIES DARBY VASSALL https://hereliesdarbyvassall.art/Home <img width="1920" height="1080" width_o="1920" height_o="1080" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/8bf4ab8ddb147313b26a08b8e4f4f0eb848a684ef291aafa3397f1ba4c96a1f4/Overlay.png" data-mid="154575455" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/8bf4ab8ddb147313b26a08b8e4f4f0eb848a684ef291aafa3397f1ba4c96a1f4/Overlay.png" /> https://hereliesdarbyvassall.art/About Thu, 29 Sep 2022 18:58:51 +0000 HERE LIES DARBY VASSALL https://hereliesdarbyvassall.art/About The material conditions of “historic” preservation and institutional presentation communicate a particular version of the past through, what the late historian and professor of geography, David Lowenthal, terms selective forgetting and selective recall. Common myths of white benevolence and exceptionalism – particularly in the North – contribute to the perceived “invisibility” of slavery in New England and across the United States at sites similar to “historic” Christ Church Cambridge in Harvard Square.By reading against boundaries, materiality, and identity projections, this project situates the church within broader, interconnected landscapes of dispossession and extraction, making connections to places and people beyond the fiction of “historic” boundaries&nbsp;– in W. E. B. DuBois’ words – to Black labor as the “foundation stone” of “Northern manufacture and commerce.” The goal is to construct what bell hooks calls a “subversive historiography,” an alternative spatial narrative of place that allows us to revise and expand the storytelling of Christ Church Cambridge in its context. The work aims to render visible this (currently invisible) history through research and exploratory mediums of knowledge sharing and representation. A temporary art installation provides a platform for bringing the hidden past into view. The inaccessible, largely unknown Vassall Tomb in the basement of Christ Church – where Darby Vassall, a formerly enslaved person, is buried – is shared with the public via a looped video projection displayed on the church’s front lawn. The video is accompanied by narration, telling the particular story of this church’s collusion with, dependency on, and profit from the slave trade that provided economic foundations for the establishment and growth not only of this church, but also of Cambridge, Massachusetts, and New England. Both the research and writing process and installation development were made possible by a number of talented, dedicated, and generous people. Adapted Abstract from Piepenbrink, Nicole Catherine. 2022. “Here Lies Darby Vassall: Rendering the obscured and concealed history of slavery at Christ Church Cambridge.” Cambridge, MA: Harvard Graduate School of Design.︎︎︎ https://hereliesdarbyvassall.art/Darby-Vassall Thu, 29 Sep 2022 18:22:29 +0000 HERE LIES DARBY VASSALL https://hereliesdarbyvassall.art/Darby-Vassall Who was Darby Vassall? This project builds on the work of dedicated individuals, organizations, and institutions who have thoughtfully researched and shared information about Darby Vassall’s life. Below are a few free educational resources, in a variety of formats, where you can learn more about him: "Harvard &amp; the Legacy of Slavery: Virtual Tour Experience"︎︎︎ Christ Church is the second stop on this virtual tour (2022). Access it via the web or iOS and Android apps to see images of the church and tomb, and listen to or read about a few notable moments from Darby Vassall’s life, some of Christ Church’s wealthy parishioners who profited from slavery (the Vassall and Royall families), and social and financial connections to Harvard (a neighboring institution). "We Claim/Reclaim Space"︎︎︎ This online exhibit, created by the Museum of African American History and the Presidential Initiative on Harvard &amp; the Legacy of Slavery (2022), “examines the lives, work, and legacies of early Black and abolitionist communities in Boston and Cambridge as they established and recorded their history, memory, and activism.” Learn about the remarkable lives and impact of Darby Vassall and his family members through this illustrative, dynamic, and accessible online resource. George Washington's Headquarters and Home - Cambridge, Massachusetts︎︎︎ This detailed ~600-page report by J. L. Bell (2012) looks at General George Washington’s activities at the beginning of the Revolutionary War, during the Siege of Boston. This includes the transformation of John Vassall’s former house into Washington’s Cambridge headquarters (now known as the Longfellow House-Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site). Two sections, in particular, focus on the lives of Anthony (Tony) and Cuba Vassall and their children (including Darby). “2.1 Anthony and Cuba Vassall and Their Family,” p. 31-37“2.2 Darby Vassall: Former Slave,” p. 38-41 "Though Dwelling in a Land of Freedom"︎︎︎ Also composed by the Longfellow House, this short summary pulls from many of the details included in the report above – a helpful resource for getting an overall picture before exploring in further detail. Notes on Colonel Henry Vassall (1721-1769): His Wife Penelope Royall, His House at Cambridge, and His Slaves Tony &amp; Darby︎︎︎ Samuel Francis Batchelder, a Christ Church parishioner, wrote this book in 1917. It has served as a source for many researchers. The language in this text is a product of its time – as described in the aforementioned report by J. L. Bell, “Batchelder’s interpretation was hampered, however, by his period’s lack of knowledge of African culture and lack of respect for African-Americans” (p. 31-32). Hear from some of Darby Vassall’s living descendants: "The Descendants of Darby Vassall on the Legacy of Slavery and Freedom"︎︎︎ Dennis and Egypt Lloyd share their family story and research process, as well as their ongoing education and activism efforts with the Slave Legacy History Coalition, in this virtual program presented by the Boston Public Library (April 2022). "Descendants and Advocates Seek Clarity in Harvard’s Legacy of Slavery Pledge"︎︎︎ The Harvard Crimson published an article (May 2022) in which members of the Lloyd family respond to the 2022 Harvard &amp; the Legacy of Slavery report. “How elite views cultivated in Harvard’s early days fed ideas about school segregation”︎︎︎ In this article from The Emancipator (May 2022), Stacy Wolff reflects on Harvard’s report, drawing connections between the past and present state of education in Massachusetts. "Slavery descendant reacts to Harvard report"︎︎︎ Roberta Wolff-Platt also responds to the report and shares a bit of her family’s story in this video from the Associated Press (May 2022). “As Harvard Makes Amends for Its Ties to Slavery, Descendants Ask, What Is Owed?”︎︎︎ This story from The New York Times (September 2022) follows Roberta Wolff-Platt and her son John R. Platt Jr. as they retrace the steps of their ancestors in Cambridge and Beacon Hill. https://hereliesdarbyvassall.art/Research Thu, 29 Sep 2022 20:11:48 +0000 HERE LIES DARBY VASSALL https://hereliesdarbyvassall.art/Research This project began as Nicole Piepenbrink’s thesis research, in the Harvard Graduate School of Design’s Critical Conservation program. Nicole collaborated with members of the Racial Justice Group at Christ Church Cambridge during the Spring 2022 semester. In May, Nicole submitted her thesis paper along with a public art proposal. The research and development process was guided, informed, and enriched by: Thesis advisors&nbsp;Krzysztof Wodiczko, Susan Nigra Snyder, and George E. Thomas Critical Conservation Associate&nbsp;Stephanie Yuhl and Doctor of Design Research Critic&nbsp;Boya Guo The Harvard &amp; the Legacy of Slavery Student Grant Program Informal advising and help from many others, including Kathryn Abarbanel, Wesley Cornwell, and Brian Lambert A number of Harvard professors and classmates HERE LIES DARBY VASSALL builds on the work of many local churches, institutions, and organizations researching and sharing the history of slavery: Cambridge Historical Commission︎︎︎ Episcopal Diocese of Massachusetts︎︎︎ First Church in Cambridge Congregational, UCC︎︎︎ History Cambridge︎︎︎ King’s Chapel︎︎︎ Longfellow House-Washington's Headquarters︎︎︎ Museum of African American History︎︎︎ Old North Church︎︎︎ Presidential Initiative on Harvard and the Legacy of Slavery︎︎︎ The Royall House and Slave Quarters︎︎︎ Trinity Church Boston︎︎︎ In October 2021, Alden Fossett (Kellogg Fellow at the Harvard Episcopal Chaplaincy) gave a sermon about Darby Vassall at Christ Church, informing most parishioners for the first time about his presence in the Vassall Tomb. Alden followed with another sermon in March 2022 focusing on Darby Vassall’s mother, Cuba. https://hereliesdarbyvassall.art/Installation Fri, 30 Sep 2022 22:29:08 +0000 HERE LIES DARBY VASSALL https://hereliesdarbyvassall.art/Installation an 8-ft high x 29-ft long curved screen displays a looped video projection Watch the Video︎︎︎ https://hereliesdarbyvassall.art/Video Tue, 04 Oct 2022 01:46:17 +0000 HERE LIES DARBY VASSALL https://hereliesdarbyvassall.art/Video Read the Transcript︎︎︎ Created through a collaboration between Nicole Piepenbrink and Christ Church Cambridge, HERE LIES DARBY VASSALL was made possible by the time, energy, contributions, and talent of many individuals, including: Audio Co-CreatorsTimothy Joseph narration Emmanuel Okharedia vocals Erica Okharedia vocals Evan Piepenbrink assistant producer, percussion, vocals Nicole Piepenbrink composer, producer, vocals Alexa Villalobos vocals Michael Villalobos percussionVideo ParticipantsLouise Ambler Parish Historian, Christ Church David Brancazio Co-Facilitator, Christ Church Racial Justice Group Jeff Brown Parishioner, Christ Church Webb Brown Parishioner, Christ Church; Member, Christ Church Racial Justice Group Alden Fossett Kellogg Fellow, The Episcopal Chaplaincy at Harvard Ted Hammett Parishioner, Christ Church; Co-Facilitator, Christ Church Racial Justice Group Dennis Lloyd Darby Vassall’s descendant; Co-Founder, Slave Legacy History Coalition Egypt Lloyd Darby Vassall’s descendant; Co-Founder, Slave Legacy History Coalition Beverly Parks-Lloyd Advisor, Daughters of the King Diocesan Assembly Board of Atlanta Polly Malcolm Parishioner, Christ Church Paula Paris Co-Founding Member, Cambridge Black History Project Valerie Fontana Shulman Parishioner, Christ Church; Member, Christ Church Racial Justice Group Wendolyn Squires Diocesan Delegate, Christ Church; Member, Christ Church Racial Justice Group https://hereliesdarbyvassall.art/Transcript Sat, 01 Oct 2022 19:11:44 +0000 HERE LIES DARBY VASSALL https://hereliesdarbyvassall.art/Transcript Transcript(click on numbers to see footnotes) Here lies Darby Vassall. Born May 15, 1769.1 Died October 12, 1861.2 Son of Tony and Cuba. A brother, husband, and father. Co-Founder of the African Society.3&nbsp;Property owner in Beacon Hill.4&nbsp;Activist for abolition, equality, and education.5 “Almighty God… from you no secrets are hid.”6 “The Vassall Tomb beneath the church is marked by a long, low mound… the arched top of the vault, which is sunk below the surface… It was built shortly after the completion of the church, by Henry Vassall, one of the original proprietors.”7 According to Darby, Henry was “a very wicked man… it was a common remark that he was ‘the Devil.’”8 “Almighty God… from you no secrets are hid.” Henry’s father, Leonard, was the owner of a sugar plantation in Jamaica.9 The value of his estate in 1738 was £9,907.5.0 (Jamaican currency). Approximately 73% of that was the value of 131 enslaved people.10 Leonard willed £3,000 (Jamaican currency) to Henry in 1737.11 Henry purchased Tony, Darby’s father, in Jamaica to be his coachman and brought him to Cambridge.12In 1759, Henry pledged £8013&nbsp;towards the construction of the church.14 In 1762, he paid £13.6.8 for a church pew.16 An inventory of Henry’s property after his death in 1769 measures Tony’s worth as equivalent to a church pew – £13.6.8.17 “Almighty God… from you no secrets are hid.” Henry was married to Penelope Royall. In 1739, she inherited 8 enslaved people from her father, Isaac Royall Sr.18&nbsp;Cuba, Darby’s mother, was one of them. Isaac Sr. brought her to Medford from Antigua in 1737 along with 29 other enslaved people, including her family members.19 Tony and Cuba married and had at least 6 children.20 Their family was separated more than once. Sometime in the 1760s, Henry sold Cuba and some of her children across Brattle Street to his nephew, John Vassall.21 When Darby was a young child, John gave him away to an occasional fellow parishioner, George Reed.22 “Almighty God… from you no secrets are hid.” John – who was a graduate of Harvard like his father,23 Henry’s brother – inherited his father’s estate in Jamaica. The value of the estate in 1748 was £74,322.5.0 (Jamaican currency). Approximately 67% of that was the value of 1,167 enslaved people.24 In 1759, John pledged £130 towards the construction of the church.25 In 1762, he paid £13.6.8 for a church pew.26 “Almighty God… from you no secrets are hid.” Penelope’s brother, Isaac Royall Jr., inherited 18 enslaved people in Massachusetts from their father,27 as well as sugar plantation land and an unknown number of enslaved people in Antigua.28 In 1762, Isaac paid £13.6.8 for a church pew.29 Upon his death in 1781, he gave hundreds of acres of land to Harvard College.30 &nbsp;31 “Almighty God… from you no secrets are hid.” A Royall family member and husband of John’s sister, Thomas Oliver, inherited plantations in Antigua.32 During a 1763 trip to the island, he spent “£900 on slaves, silver, and pictures.”33 Two years after his death, the total number of people enslaved on his Antigua property was 206.34&nbsp; In 1759, Thomas pledged £50 towards the construction of the church.35 In 1762, he paid £13.6.8 for a church pew.36 In 1835, his heirs claimed £1,984.16.10 for losing 137 enslaved people as their property after emancipation in the British colonies.37 The house he built in 1767 is where Harvard presidents live today.38&nbsp; “Almighty God… from you no secrets are hid.” Henry Vassall’s former house was purchased by Samuel Batchelder II in 1841.39 40 Samuel generated wealth from the New England cotton industry, which ran on cotton produced by enslaved people in the American South.41 The Batchelder family invested in the church. Samuel’s son, Samuel III, donated $10,000 in 1885 "to the Wardens of Christ Church Cambridge"... "to be added to… the Warden's Fund.”42 In 1888, Christ Church was included as a beneficiary in his will.43 One of the Samuels gave a Sunday School room to the church in 1868.44 “Almighty God… from you no secrets are hid.” These Christ Church subscribers and parishioners, along with many others, lived in and around Cambridge while depending on and profiting from slavery. The labor of enslaved Africans financed their investments, which supported the construction and growth of this and many other New England churches and institutions.45&nbsp; After the end of slavery in Massachusetts in 1783, Darby was involved in the activism of and advocacy for New England’s Black community. He was a lifelong member of Brattle Street Church and maintained a connection to Christ Church in his adult life.46 We do not know why he chose to be buried here; we only know that he chose this place.47&nbsp;48 Do you work wonders for the dead?&nbsp; &nbsp; will those who have died stand up and give you thanks?Will your loving-kindness be declared in the grave?&nbsp; &nbsp; your faithfulness in the land of destruction?Will your wonders be known in the dark?&nbsp; &nbsp; or your righteousness in the country where all is forgotten?49 “Grant eternal rest to your beloved Darby Vassall, O God, and let light perpetual shine upon him.”50 Grant eternal rest to his parents, Tony and Cuba; to his siblings, James,51 Dorrenda,52 Flora, Cyrus, and Catherine;53 to all those enslaved whose labor helped create this place; to those who fought for freedom and equity for all members of their communities. Amen. https://hereliesdarbyvassall.art/Footnotes Sat, 01 Oct 2022 18:25:47 +0000 HERE LIES DARBY VASSALL https://hereliesdarbyvassall.art/Footnotes Footnotes(click on hyperlinks to open sources) Batchelder 1917, 74; Bell 2012, 34; Hoppin Collection Materials on Christ Church, 1790-1861; Museum of African American History and Harvard &amp; the Legacy of Slavery 2022. The Liberator 1861. “Though Dwelling in a Land of Freedom”; The African Society 1802. Bell 2012, 39. “Darby Vassall”. Adapted from “The Holy Eucharist: Rite Two” (“The (Online) Book of Common Prayer and Administration of the Sacraments and Other Rites and Ceremonies of the Church: Together with the Psalter or Psalms of David According to the Use of the Episcopal Church,” 355). Batchelder 1893, 68. A copy of the excerpt about “The Vassall Tomb” from Samuel Francis Batchelder’s 1893 history of Christ Church is framed and positioned at the back of the tomb. It mentions that “Darby, son of Henry Vassall's negro coachman ‘Tony’ (1861)” is buried in the tomb (Ibid.). This is the only physical marker on site that mentions, alludes to, or acknowledges the history of slavery. Hoppin Collection Materials on Christ Church, 1790-1861. These words were recorded by the Reverend Nicholas Hoppin who interviewed Darby sometime in the 1850s. Hurwitz 2015. “Leonard Vassall”. “£7260 currency was the value of enslaved people.” “Last Will and Testament of Leonard Vassall. Boston, 10 Jun 1737.” 1737; Batchelder 1917, 36. Batchelder 1917, 62; Bell 2012, 32. A laborer in Massachusetts earned 11 shillings and 3 pence per day in 1759 (Wright 1882, 46). 80 pounds was approximately 6 months of a laborer’s wages (numbers calculated with the “Pounds, Shillings and Pence Calculator”). Parish Record Book, 1759-1878, 7. In 1762, a laborer in Massachusetts earned 8 shillings per day (Wright 1882, 47). 13 pounds 6 shillings and 8 pence is more than 1 month of a laborer’s wages (numbers calculated with the “Pounds, Shillings and Pence Calculator”). Parish Record Book, 1759-1878, 42. Batchelder 1917, 82. “Primary Sources: Public Records” 2012, fig. Table 7.3. “Though Dwelling in a Land of Freedom”. Bell 2012, 31-34. Ibid., 33-34. Batchelder 1917, 74. Shipton and Sibley 1937, 233; 1962, 502; “The John Vassal Tankard”. “John Vassall I”. “£49,709.25 currency was the value of enslaved people.” Parish Record Book, 1759-1878, 7. Ibid., 61. “Primary Sources: Public Records” 2012. Beckert and Stevens 2011, 11. Parish Record Book, 1759-1878, 45. “Extract from the Will of Isaac Royall, 1778” 1778; “The Royall Bequest and Harvard Law School”. In 2016, Harvard Law School abandoned the design of its official seal, which was based on the Royall family coat of arms (Hartocollis 2016). In 2019, the Antiguan Prime Minister requested reparations from Harvard (Hassan 2019). Beckert and Stevens 2011, 25. Batchelder 1917, 27. “Friar’s Hill: Antigua”. Parish Record Book, 1759-1878, 7. Ibid., 42. “Antigua 37 (Friar’s Hill): Claim Details, Associated Individuals and Estates”. Beckert and Stevens 2011, 25. Dus 2009; The Cambridge Tribune 1923. Samuel II lived there until his death in 1879 (Dus 2009). Ownership of the property stayed within the Batchelder family into the 1900s (Hail). Ten Hills Farm: The Forgotten History of Slavery in the North mentions multiple times that Samuel Francis Batchelder (Samuel III’s son), who wrote the aforementioned 1893 history of the church (see footnote 7), lived and wrote at Henry Vassall’s former house (Manegold 2009, 181, 187–88, 193). Dus 2009. Bishop 1868, 515. See also Empire of Cotton: a Global History by Sven Beckert (2014). Batchelder Family Collection, Series III: Folder 27. Ibid., Series IV: Folder 37. Day 1951, 90. In 2021, Alden Fossett stated in a sermon that, “The Vassalls were also a founding family of Christ Church. Their income, and their investment in this very building, was underwritten by the labor of enslaved Africans” (Fossett 2021, 1). The Reverend Nicholas Hoppin interviewed him sometime in the 1850s (see footnote 8). Darby Vassall stated in his will: “Having had permission given me by Miss Catherine G. Russell to be buried in her tomb under the Episcopal Church in Cambridge which permission is in the hands of Richard Sullivan Esquire, I request him &amp; Moses Grant to see that my body is there deposited” (“Vassall, Derby. [Will]. MS. (in Wendell Phillips’s Hand); Boston, 15 May 1852., 1852,” transcription provided by Cristine Hutchison-Jones). See presentation by some of Darby’s living descendants, Dennis and Egypt Lloyd, for their speculations about his choice – because he “loved the Lord" and because he preferred to be buried in a church instead of an open field (Lloyd and Lloyd 2022). Psalm 88:11-13, The Holy Bible, NRSV (“The (Online) Book of Common Prayer,” 712–13). Fossett 2021, 4. “or Jemmy” (Bell 2012, 340). “or Darinda” (Ibid.). Ibid. https://hereliesdarbyvassall.art/References Sat, 01 Oct 2022 19:10:07 +0000 HERE LIES DARBY VASSALL https://hereliesdarbyvassall.art/References References(click on hyperlinks to open sources) “Antigua 37 (Friar’s Hill): Claim Details, Associated Individuals and Estates.” n.d. Legacies of British Slavery Database. Accessed April 5, 2022. https://www.ucl.ac.uk/lbs/claim/view/140. Batchelder Family Collection. Cambridge, Massachusetts. Cambridge Historical Commission. https://www.cambridgema.gov/historic/researchaids/archivalcollections. Batchelder, Samuel Francis. 1893. Christ Church, Cambridge: Some Account of Its History and Present Condition, Especially Prepared for Visitors. Genealogy &amp; Local History. United Kingdom: n.p. https://books.google.com/books?id=JC73wppizFgC. ______. 1917. Notes on Colonel Henry Vassall (1721-1769): His Wife Penelope Royall, His House at Cambridge, and His Slaves Tony &amp; Darby. Cambridge, Massachusetts. https://books.google.com/books/about/Notes_on_Colonel_Henry_Vassall_1721_1769.html?id=nJYlAQAAMAAJ. Beckert, Sven. 2014. Empire of Cotton: A Global History. First edition. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.&nbsp;https://books.google.com/books/about/Empire_of_Cotton.html?id=1QzhngEACAAJ. Beckert, Sven, and Katherine Stevens. 2011. “Harvard and Slavery: Seeking a Forgotten History.” https://www.harvardandslavery.com/resources/. Bell, J. L. 2012. “George Washington’s Headquarters and Home - Cambridge, Massachusetts: Longfellow House - Washington Headquarters National Historic Site.” Historic Resource Study. National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, Northeast Region History Program. https://www.nps.gov/long/learn/historyculture/upload/Washington-Headquarters-HRS.pdf. Bishop, John Leander. 1868. “10. Index to Representative Manufacturers.” In A History of American Manufactures from 1608 to 1860: Exhibiting the Origin and Growth of the Principal Mechanic Arts and Manufactures, from the Earliest Colonial Period to the Adoption of the Constitution: And Comprising Annals of the Industry of the United States in Machinery, Manufactures and Useful Arts, with a Notice of the Important Inventions, Tariffs, and the Results of Each Decennial Census, 2:514–34. Philadelphia: Edward Young &amp; Co.&nbsp;https://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/IJVJIEUN6C6IC84. “Darby Vassall.” n.d. George Washington’s Mount Vernon. Accessed April 16, 2022. https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/darby-vassall/. Day, Gardiner M. 1951. The Biography of a Church: A Brief History of Christ Church, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Cambridge, Mass: Priv. print. at the Riverside Press.&nbsp;https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Biography_of_a_Church.html?id=z-M8AQAAIAAJ. Dus, Aimee. 2009. “The Batchelder Family Collection.” Finding aid. Cambridge Historical Commission. https://www.cambridgema.gov/-/media/Files/historicalcommission/pdf/findingaids/fa_batchelder.pdf. “Extract from the Will of Isaac Royall, 1778.” 1778. Corporation papers, 1st series, supplements to the Harvard College Papers, Volumes 1 and 2, UAI 5.110, UAI 5.110, Volume 2, Item 74. Harvard University Archives. https://id.lib.harvard.edu/ead/c/hua07018c00076/catalog. Fossett, Alden. 2021. “A Law of Love.” Sermon, Christ Church Cambridge, Cambridge, MA, October 30.&nbsp;https://docs.google.com/document/d/12hfj0NGyOg0aGHKYZqLK7Nyty507Pagq/edit. “Friar’s Hill: Antigua.” n.d. Legacies of British Slavery Database. Accessed April 5, 2022. https://www.ucl.ac.uk/lbs/estate/view/317. Hail, Christopher. n.d. “Brattle Street.” Harvard/Radcliffe Online Historical Reference Shelf: Cambridge Buildings and Architects. Accessed April 26, 2022. https://wayback.archive-it.org/5488/20170330145537/http:/hul.harvard.edu/lib/archives/refshelf/cba/b.html#brattlest. Hartocollis, Anemona. 2016. “Harvard Law to Abandon Crest Linked to Slavery.” The New York Times, March 4, 2016, sec. U.S. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/05/us/harvard-law-to-abandon-crest-linked-to-slavery.html. Hassan, Adeel. 2019. “Antigua Demands Harvard Pay Reparations for Benefiting From Slavery.” The New York Times, November 6, 2019, sec. U.S. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/06/us/harvard-antigua-slavery-reparations.html. Hoppin Collection Materials on Christ Church, 1790-1861. n.d. Box 1, Folder 7. History Cambridge, Samuel Francis Batchelder Papers, 1765-1930, Series I: Christ Church, Cambridge, 1765-1923. https://historycambridge.org/research/samuel-francis-batchelder-papers-1765-1930/. Hurwitz, Mark. 2015. “This Old Pew: #10 and #11 - The Vassalls.” The Old North Church &amp; Historic Site. April 15, 2015. https://www.oldnorth.com/blog/the-vassalls/. “John Vassall I.” n.d. Legacies of British Slavery Database. n.d. http://wwwdepts-live.ucl.ac.uk/lbs/person/view/2146650677. “Last Will and Testament of Leonard Vassall. Boston, 10 Jun 1737.” 1737. Temple, Nelson, Lloyd, Vassall, and Borland family papers, MS Am 1250, (19), Box: 1. Houghton Library. https://id.lib.harvard.edu/ead/c/hou01316c00021/catalog. “Leonard Vassall.” n.d. Legacies of British Slavery Database. n.d. http://wwwdepts-live.ucl.ac.uk/lbs/person/view/2146656191. Lloyd, Dennis, and Egypt Lloyd. 2022. “The Descendants of Darby Vassall on the Legacy of Slavery and Freedom.” Boston Public Library Online Event, April 26. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zm2Y9OKC4VA. Manegold, C.S. 2009. Ten Hills Farm: The Forgotten History of Slavery in the North. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.&nbsp;https://books.google.com/books/about/Ten_Hills_Farm.html?id=YVoqAQAAIAAJ&amp;source=kp_book_description. Museum of African American History, and Harvard &amp; the Legacy of Slavery. 2022. “Agency.” Online Exhibition. We Claim/Reclaim Space. April 29, 2022. https://www.weclaimspace.org/agency. Parish Record Book, 1759-1878. 1759. Christ Church in Cambridge (Mass.) church records, 88M-31, (1), Volume: 1. Houghton Library. https://id.lib.harvard.edu/ead/c/hou00395c00001/catalog. “Pounds, Shillings and Pence Calculator.” n.d. Accessed April 20, 2022. https://www.retrowow.co.uk/retro_britain/old_money/sterling_calculator.html. “Primary Sources: Public Records.” 2012. The Royall House and Slave Quarters. October 8, 2012. https://royallhouse.org/home/education/primary-resources/primary-sources/public-records/. Shipton, Clifford Kenyon, and John Langdon Sibley. 1937. Sibley’s Harvard Graduates: Biographical Sketches of Those Who Attended Harvard College in the Classes 1701-1712 with Biographical and Other Notes. Vol. 5. Boston, MA: Massachusetts Historical Society. https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/012258527. ______. 1962. Sibley’s Harvard Graduates: Biographical Sketches of Those Who Attended Harvard College in the Classes 1746-1750 with Biographical and Other Notes. Vol. 12. Boston, MA: Massachusetts Historical Society. https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/012258527. The African Society. 1802. “Laws of the African Society, Instituted at Boston, Anno Domini 1796.” Boston. MHS Collections Online. http://www.masshist.org/database/573. The Cambridge Tribune. 1923. “The History of Vassall House from 1736 to 1923,” May 12, 1923, Volume 46, Number 11 edition. Cambridge Public Library’s Historic Cambridge Newspaper Collection. https://cambridge.dlconsulting.com/?a=d&amp;d=Tribune19230512-01.2.102. “The John Vassal Tankard.” n.d. Harvard Art Museums. Accessed April 5, 2022. https://harvardartmuseums.org/art/232227. The Liberator. 1861. “Darby Vassall,” November 22, 1861. https://www.digitalcommonwealth.org/search/commonwealth:mc87rg189. “The (Online) Book of Common Prayer and Administration of the Sacraments and Other Rites and Ceremonies of the Church: Together with the Psalter or Psalms of David According to the Use of the Episcopal Church.” n.d. https://bcponline.org/. “The Royall Bequest and Harvard Law School.” n.d. The Royall House and Slave Quarters. Accessed April 3, 2022. https://royallhouse.org/the-royall-bequest-and-harvard-law-school/. “Though Dwelling in a Land of Freedom.” n.d. U.S. National Park Service. Accessed December 5, 2021. https://www.nps.gov/articles/though-dwelling-in-a-land-of-freedom.htm. “Vassall, Derby. [Will]. MS. (in Wendell Phillips’s Hand); Boston, 15 May 1852., 1852.” 1852. Wendell Phillips papers, MS Am 1953, (1582), Box: 45. Houghton Library. https://id.lib.harvard.edu/ead/c/hou00497c01629/catalog. Wright, Carroll Davidson. 1882. Historical Review of Wages and Prices: 1752-1860 [From the Sixteenth Annual Report of the Masschusetts Bureau of Statistics of Labor]. Vol. 1. Boston: Wright &amp; Potter Printing Co. https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100884273. https://hereliesdarbyvassall.art/Schedule Thu, 29 Sep 2022 20:52:42 +0000 HERE LIES DARBY VASSALL https://hereliesdarbyvassall.art/Schedule Installation-related programming is free and open to all! Some events require registration (see links). Oct. 12, 2022 6pm |&nbsp;Opening Service and Film PremiereJoin us for a service of prayer and hear from Darby Vassall's living descendants before the film premieres. Reception to follow. Livestreaming will be available on Youtube and Facebook. Christ Church Cambridge 0 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138︎︎︎ Oct. 27, 20226-7pm | Longfellow Fall Lecture Series The Longfellow House will speak about Darby Vassall’s connection to the site. Nicole Piepenbrink will share a brief presentation about her multidisciplinary research, analysis, and design process.&nbsp; A recording will be available following the event. Register︎︎︎ Longfellow House-Washington's Headquarters 105 Brattle St, Cambridge, MA 02138︎︎︎ Oct. 30, 20223pm | Landscape of Slavery TourDrawing from the Report of the Presidential Committee on the Harvard &amp; the Legacy of Slavery, this six-stop tour engages with the local geography of African and Indigenous enslavement in words, silence, and stillness. Join us as we learn about those who were wrongly oppressed, enslaved, and buried here, but whose dignity and humanity we aim to acknowledge and honor during this exploration. Register︎︎︎ The Sunken Garden in Radcliffe Yard 10 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138︎︎︎ Nov. 5, 2022 9-11am |&nbsp;Darby Vassall Quiet Day Join us for a contemplative retreat focusing on the extraordinary life and activism of Darby Vassall, who was buried in the Christ Church crypt at his own request in 1861. Need childcare to attend the quiet day, or interested in your child spending some time learning alongside you? A Godly Play session wil be offered, using one of the new “People of Color Who Inspire” stories, followed by supervised arts and crafts and playtime for children Pre-K through 5th grade. Register︎︎︎ Christ Church Cambridge 0 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138︎︎︎ Nov. 6, 2022 8am &amp; 10:15am | Holy Eucharist at Christ Church&nbsp;Join Christ Church for worship on the Sunday following All Saints’ Day.&nbsp;Alden Fossett&nbsp;(Kellogg Fellow at the Harvard Episcopal Chaplaincy) will speak at both services.4pm | Evensong Choir at Christ Church8pm | Installation closes Christ Church Cambridge 0 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138︎︎︎